futile cycle การใช้

• This uneconomical process has therefore been called a futile cycle.
• Then the futile cycle begins all over again.
• NNMT affects a biochemical mechanism known as a futile cycle, which plays a role in metabolic regulation.
• Thermogenesis is contributed to by futile cycles, such as the simultaneous occurrence of lipogenesis and lipolysis or glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
• This futile cycle between glucokinase and G-6-Pase is named glucose cycling, and it accounts for the difference between the total flux through G-6-Pase and glucose production.
• And weight loss without an increase in physical activity is typically doomed, he said, " too often the first half of a futile cycle, followed by weight reaccumulation ."
• These controls prevent pyruvate kinase from being active at the same time as the enzymes that catalyze the reverse reaction ( pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ), preventing a futile cycle.
• During reduction reactions, a chemical can enter " futile cycling ", in which it gains a free-radical electron, then promptly loses it to oxygen ( to form a superoxide anion ).
• It is important to note that " carnitine acyltransferase I " undergoes allosteric inhibition as a result of malonyl-CoA, an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis, in order to prevent futile cycling between beta-oxidation and fatty acid synthesis.